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467 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 9 (1983)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0467 and id is 1 raw text is: PREFACE Forty-four years ago, The Annals for the first time devoted an issue exclusively to refugees. The impetus for that issue was the intensifying persecution of German and Austrian Jews, the resultant emigration pressure, and the crisis occasioned when most of the nations of the world systematically closed their borders. However, despite the attention devoted to the worsening situation of actual and potential refugees, the issue's editor, Francis S. Brown, insisted that the attitude that the present is only a temporary crisis must give way to the recognition of the fact-now abundantly recognized by the leaders in the field-that the refugee problem is a permanent one.' The other articles in that issue, devoted to such topics as the role that antagonism to minorities plays in creating refugees, the burgeoning post-World War I refugee population in Europe and Africa, the problematical legal status of refugees in the face of restrictive national immigration policies, attempts to internationalize rescue and resettlement, and the organizational and psychological difficulties associated with resettlement provided a framework for speaking of refugees in more general terms. The Holocaust demonstrated that the refugee problem, when exacerbated by prejudice, isolationism, and restrictionism, could be incalculably worse than had ever been imagined. The unending series of forced and politically motivated migra- tions after World War II-migrations that continue today in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean -demonstrated that the problem not only is permanent, but may be intensifying. This issue of The Annals is devoted to the crisis in its present stage. It focuses on policymaking, and on a decision-making universe that has changed substantially since the 1930s, yet still retains many of its traditional features. The initial articles define the current scope of the problem. Atle Grahl-Madsen describes the additional legal protections that have been afforded refugees under international law since 1945, but warns that current municipal practice, instead of expanding these protections or fully implementing them, has responded to restric- tionist sentiment with more restrictive laws and a diminished sense of responsibility to asylum applicants. Meanwhile the refugee population continues to burgeon. Aristide Zolberg argues that the continuing flow of new refugees is attributable in part to a historical process of nation building that has deep historical roots, and continues today with an augmented capacity to expel minorities. Earl Huyck and Leon Bouvier examine the consequences of such nationalism, political strife in much of the world, and other factors contributing to involuntary migration. Their article catalogues recent refugee movements, points to possible future migrations, and examines the demographic effects of current and projected flow. 1. Francis J. Brown, Foreword, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 203:xiv-xv (May 1939). 9

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