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436 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. vii (1978)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0436 and id is 1 raw text is: FOREWORD

A great many changes have occurred in American society and among
Native Americans since the appearance of an earlier issue of THE ANNALS
(May 1957) devoted to an examination of American Indians and American
Life. The Indian population has grown rapidly and has become urban
even more rapidly. A civil rights movement has swept over the country,
dramatically changing the legal framework within which racial and cultural
contacts occur and heightening the sense of group identity of America's
minorities. Significant changes in the economic, political, and educational
opportunities of the members of minority races have occurred, but these
changes only reveal more clearly the great inequalities and the discrimina-
tion that remain. These have been years of conflict, as claims have been
pressed-in the face of resistance-by various forms of black power, brown
power, and red power.
The articles in this issue of THE ANNALS examine many aspects of
these changes among American Indians and in the relationships of Indians
to the government and the larger society. Our aim, in selecting the authors-
distinguished students of Native American life-has been to focus on the
recent developments. Yet we are struck also by the continuity. This can
best be shown, perhaps, simply by repeating the foreword that we wrote for
the 1957 volume, for it may suggest the distance we have yet to go before
the country has truly redefined its racial and ethnic practices. It may also
emphasize the importance of the study of those practices for an under-
standing of American society:
White Americans seem continually to be rediscovering the Indians. In the last
few years, a growing Indian population on a limited land base, a vigorous national
controversy over desegregation, a turn in the Indian policy of the federal govern-
ment, and world-wide attention to questions of colonialism and minorities have
been among the forces renewing America's interest in her Indian citizens.
The student of Indian affairs recognizes that to some degree the status of Indians in
American society is similar to the status of other minorities. To a significant degree,
however, Indian experience has been different, for unlike any other minority group
in the nation, they were here, living in unified societies, when the European settlers
came. Their response to invasion may have as much in common with the minorities in
Eastern Europe as with the willing and unwilling migrants to America, torn as they
were from their cultural roots.
There is scarcely a major issue of policy in the United States that has not been in-
volved in the relationships of Indians and whites. Questions of universal citizenship
and franchise; of land use and conservation; of the melting pot versus pluralism; of
prejudice, discrimination, and segregation; of colonialism; of the separation of
church and state; of private property and communal property; and of the extent and
nature of government responsibility for education-to mention several basic
issues-have all involved policy questions concerning Indians.
We need scarcely stress the importance and value of a study ofthe place of American
Indians in American life. To the social scientist, it offers a valuable field for the
testing of theories of social and cultural change, of acculturation, of personality
vii

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