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392 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. viii (1970)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0392 and id is 1 raw text is: FOREWORD O Lord above, send us a dove With wings of sharp-edged steel To cut the throats of those Hanoi blokes If they will make no deal. -Paraphrase of an Australian beer ad (1968) No subject could be more timely for readers of THE ANNALS in November 1970 than How Wars End. The problems of war termination are discussed by the contributors to this volume in terms which will be useful long after the war in Vietnam has ceased. Nearly every article, however, reflects something of the anguish of Americans locked in a war that seems to them both interminable and unwinnable. Several provide suggestive historical analogies; for example, the United States experience in Vietnam is not in every respect new, as Bryce Wood's treatment of the American military intervention in Nicaragua makes clear. The all but unanimous call for some kind of end to the war does not conceal deep differences as to what kind of end should be sought and how high a price should be paid for it. A dove with wings of . . . steel is a contradiction in terms, but so in a sense is any policy in pursuit of two potentially incompatible goals. An end to the fighting is one goal, but the United States would never have become involved in the Vietnam war if there were not other goals. Only those who can point the way to peace without victory, yet peace with at least some of the hoped-for fruits of victory, can claim they have solved the problems of war termination. The contributors to this symposium make no such claims. Neither does any of them attempt to prescribe how sharp and how strong should be the steel wings of the dove of war termination. Large-scale limited war is only one of two kinds of war for which termination, as contrasted with victory or peace settlement, is a problem of absorbing interest. The vastly complex task of limiting and aborting a thermonuclear ex- change once a central war has started is the subject of the two concluding articles. WILLIAM T. R. Fox viii

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