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325 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. viii (1959)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0325 and id is 1 raw text is: FOREWORD Joseph S. Clark, presently senior United States Senator from Pennsylvania and former Mayor of Philadelphia, was given the Philadelphia Award for outstanding civic services. The award carried a cash grant of $10,000. Senator Clark has believed for some time that the American republic has not developed an adequate system for selecting, persuading, and training leaders for the fields of science, defense, politics, industry, and art. This lack of an adequate system has become especially acute since the United States accepted the leadership of the Western world. He accordingly asked the Academy to explore this subject. He offered to donate the $10,000 and his advisory services. The Academy gladly accepted and donated the services of its higher echelon of officers. In authoritarian countries the allocation of select groups of manpower to pur- suits essential to the promotion of the national interest is not a difficult problem. In a democracy, especially one associated with the philosophy of minimal govern- ment, the general feeling is that manpower allocations and leadership projects should be the result of supply and demand, and higgling of the market. The problem arises when the higgling over compensation, in money or prestige, results in values and inducements which do not contibute to the national interest. In studying this situation in the United States, two questions arise: 1. Has the distribution of leadership and select manpower become so bad that we should now take corrective action? 2. Should this corrective action, if taken, be private, quasi-public, or govern- mental? The first step in exploring the subject was an all-day conference, attended by the men listed below: James C. Charlesworth, President of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Ewan Clague, U. S. Commissioner of Labor Statistics Joseph S. Clark, U. S. Senator from Pennsylvania Harris Ellsworth, Chairman of the U. S. Civil Service Commission Howard Hanson, Director of the Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester Gaylord P. Harnwell, President of the University of Pennsylvania Peter Henle, Staff Member of the Department of Research, AFL-CIO Elmer Hutchisson, Director of the American Institute of Physics Martin Meyerson, Director of the Center for Urban Studies, Harvard University Robert A. Moore, Dean of the College of Medicine of the State University of New York Otto L. Nelson, Jr., Vice-President of the New York Life Insurance Company Filmer S. C. Northrop, Sterling Professor of Philosophy and Law, Yale Uni- versity Don K. Price, Jr., Dean of the Graduate School of Public Administration, Harvard University viii

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