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289 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 1 (1953)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0289 and id is 1 raw text is: United States Leadership in a Divided World
By CHESTER E. MERROW

T HIS is a crucial and decisive decade
in the history of the United States,
also in the history of freedom-loving
nations. Our Republic occupies a des-
tiny-given position of leadership in a
sharply divided world. The United
States, by far the strongest and the most
powerful nation which has to date ex-
isted upon this earth, possesses an op-
portunity without parallel in the annals
of mankind to exercise leadership. The
free world is being attacked on many
fronts and is being undermined from
within wherever the Communists are
able to make their sinister influence
felt. In this universal struggle the
forces of freedom must prevail, if ul-
timately there is to be fashioned an
international society in which human
beings can live free from molestation
and free from the threat of tyranny and
enslavement.
The United States is a comparatively
young nation. In recalling history we
recognize that this part of the world,
the Western    Hemisphere, has been
known but for a brief period as pro-
jected against the background of un-
folding time.   Only 461 years have
elapsed  since  Christopher Columbus
charted the way to reach the Western
Hemisphere. As we peruse the ancient
records of past civilizations, we find, for
example, that in Mesopotamia, the land
between the Tigris and the Euphrates,
the Sumerians succeeded in creating one
of the oldest civilizations, 4,000 years
before Christ. In the Indus Basin there
are remains of a civilization either con-
temporary with or antecedent to the
Sumerians. Compared to the long rec-
ord of human activity, we have been on

the stage of world affairs but a short
time.
It was in 1787 that the first architects
of this Republic forged the Constitution
of the United States in Philadelphia-
166 years ago this summer. New Hamp-
shire was the ninth state to ratify the
Federal Constitution in 1788, and from
that time the United States has risen
steadily to the prominent position in
human affairs it now occupies. The
adoption of the fundamental charter of
the United States launched the greatest,
the most ambitious, and by far the most
successful experiment in free representa-
tive government the world has ever
known. The federal Constitution has
been characterized by William E. Glad-
stone, one of Britain's most eminent
Prime Ministers, as the most wonderful
work ever struck off at a given time by
the brain and purpose of man.
HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS
We have reason to marvel at the
ascendency of our country during the
past 165 years; but there is still more
reason to be impressed by the phe-
nomenal and meteoric rise of the Re-
public during the first half of the
present century. The Spanish-American
War marks a definite turning point in
our history. At the time of that conflict,
the United States began its role as a
world power. Successful in two world
wars, with nearly $50 billion invested
in foreign affairs since the termination
of the Second World War and with in-
terests in every section of the world, we
have come now to a place of strength,
influence, and responsibility that will
t

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