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253 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. vii (1947)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0253 and id is 1 raw text is: FOREWORD Two years after the surrender of Ger- many, Canada has made steady prog- ress in the liquidation of her tremen- dous war effort, though on a longer view her economy remains bound up more directly than most with world condi- tions still on the anvil. The moment is therefore opportune for a volume of papers like the following, written pri- marily for the lay reader-especially the lay reader in other countries-on salient features in the Canadian situa- tion. A similar but more detailed volume of THE ANNALS was issued almost ex- actly a quarter of a century ago (May 1923). So pervasive, however, have been the effects of the intervening boom of the late twenties, of the de- pression of the thirties, and now of the Second World War, that the former volume affords contrasts rather than comparisons with the present. It is from the war effort that the vol- ume necessarily takes off-an effort on a scale perhaps unexampled for a people of like numbers and wealth. Of the total population, approximately 6.5 per cent went directly into the armed services. Simultaneously, close upon 10 per cent were added to the labor force, which was largely redirected to the pro- duction of war mat6riel. It is a meas- ure of the latter that the gross value of Canadian production rose during the war from $5.5 million to $12.5 million, of which increase the price rise ac- counted for less than 20 per cent. Within these totals, manufactures (if we include metallurgy and primary wood manufactures) approximately tre- bled, while the range of products wid- ened in some important new directions. External trade and the balance of in- ternational payments, to which the Ca- nadian economy is so acutely sensitive, kept pace both in volume and in re- orientation. Experiments of more than local interest in price and labor control were tried for the first time. Social measures set on foot during the depres- sion culminated in Dominion-wide un- employment insurance and family al- lowances. Politically, the legislative and financial arrangements which these entailed have reopened discussions of a fundamental character on the federal structure of the Dominion. Externally, likewise, new relations with the British Commonwealth are developing, at the same time that Canada is taking an ac- tive part in the organization of the United Nations as a middle power of enhanced status. The articles herein assembled discuss within limited scope certain of the more pivotal and representative topics in this readjustment to peace conditions. In each case the treatment is by a scholar or publicist of recognized authority. In the selection of topics doubtless there are omissions and emphases that will not commend themselves to all; but within the space available, a larger list might have run the opposite danger of spottiness. At the same time, a cer- tain amount of overlapping has been unavoidable in view of the need for making each article reasonably self- contained. The order in which the articles appear is conventional and not to be regarded as indicative of the im- portance of the subjects. For those who may desire fuller treat- ments, a very brief bibliography, con- fined to recent publications on Canada, is appended. In this connection it may be mentioned that the output of studies on social and economic conditions in Canada-by the universities; in the pages of the Canadian Journal of Eco- nomics and Political Science (dating vii

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