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220 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. vii (1942)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0220 and id is 1 raw text is: FOREWORD THE original title of this issue was Organizing for National Defense. Fortunately the articles were not re- quested before December 15, 1941, and it has been possible for the contributors to revise them in the light of Pearl Harbor. When this issue was planned in May 1941, the special editor was forced to make a basic decision. Should con- tributors be selected to present opposing viewpoints or only one point of view on such questions as the extent of govern- mental control desirable in a democracy, the relative optimum strength of the different arms of military service neces- sary for defense, and the degree to which labor should be free to exercise its right to strike even though working on a defense contract. On each of these issues it was planned to present oppos- ing points of view, and the articles were originally planned to provide a sympo- sium of conflicting opinions. But Pearl Harbor intervened! Frankly recognizing that the time for conflicting views on national safety is past, the articles in this issue have been pre- pared to present the official statement of Government. Fortunately, those most directly responsible for govern- mental policy frankly recognize that many problems need yet to be solved; that there are weaknesses in any na- tional organization; and that there is still the basic question, How far can democracy abrogate the freedoms of democracy and at the same time pre- serve national integrity in the face of world foes of every democratic prin- ciple? Believing that total war creates the necessity of suspending many of the basic tenets of democracy, the editor is willing to assume full responsibility for presenting a consistent point of view in this issue. Consequently, the articles included are prepared almost exclusively by those who are directly responsible for the administration of the basic pro- grams so essential in total war. The special editor recognizes that there are many who would disagree with his point of view, but he has no apology to offer. A national crisis in which the very se- curity of our Nation and of our homes is at stake demands national unity. Criticisms of national policies must be reserved for the postwar period. It has been impossible in this issue to include all the fields which are vital to total war. Many agencies of govern- ment and of private organizations are conducting programs vital to the suc- cessful operation of an all-out war ef- fort. The State Department has a pro- gram of intercultural education among the Americas that is playing an impor- tant role in the unification of opposition in the Western Hemisphere to Axis ag- gression. The Treasury Department is conducting an extensive program in schools and colleges and for the general public in the stimulation of sale of De- fense Savings Bonds and Stamps. The Office of Education is seeking to deter- mine fields in which essential financial aid should be provided for the continu- ous or emergency training of men and women in occupations essential to na- tional safety. The Work Projects Ad- ministration and the Department of Justice have projected an extensive edu- cational service to the more than five million registered aliens. Of private agencies there is no end. Each is seeking earnestly and sincerely to promote the national interest. It is significant to discover the extent to which the number and types of such organizations may be wisely extended without adequate co-ordination of effort. vii

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