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1 1 (April 2018)

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Key  Points

  *  Aviation units from all branches of the military do not have the people, training, or
     equipment  they need to execute the National Defense Strategy.
  *  As the military shifts its focus to strategic competition with Russia and China and trains
     for the prospect of large-scale warfare, it will have to plan for ongoing readiness shortfalls.
  *  Even as readiness rates improve, the Armed Forces will continue to pay for running on
     the ragged edge of readiness and for years of undertraining aviators and those who
     support them.


Appropriately subtitled Sharpening the American
Military's Competitive Edge, the 2018 National
Defense Strategy directed the Department of Defense
to prepare for long-term strategic competition with
revisionist powers Russia and China.1 For the purposes
of training and readiness generation, the strategy
codifies the military's shift from preparing for
lower-intensity counterinsurgency operations to
preparing for a large-scale conflict with a modern,
capable enemy.2 The military has its work cut out
for it; high-end warfare demands a higher level of
readiness than the services have reached in many
years, and the cost of failure in such a conflict could
dwarf that of recent wars.
   Leaders of each service reported in late 2017 and
early 2o18 that they have, in the words of Vice Chief of
Staff of the US Air Force General Stephen Wilson,
arrested the readiness decline.'3 Supported by an
incremental funding increase in 2017, the military
added personnel, increased training hours, and funded
more  maintenance work, allowing it to begin
addressing long-standing readiness shortfalls.


   Aviation units in particular reaped the benefits
of more resources. Pilots and aviators spent more
time in the cockpit than they had in previous years,
The Air Force received funding to recruit and train
more  pilots and maintainers. Troops were able to
spend more  time at home between deployments.
And maintainers made progress in clearing the backlog
of maintenance requests.
   However, progress should not be confused with
success. The services still face shortfalls in manpower,
available aircraft, training opportunities, maintenance
time, and spare parts. Moreover, the gains of the past
year will be fleeting if they are not sustained. The
cumulative damage  done to military readiness will
continue to haunt aviation forces for years to come.
As Vice Chief of Naval Operations Admiral William
Moran  explained, once even a year's worth of training
and experience is lost, it's very difficult to buy it
back.4
   Indeed, with the National Defense Strategy's
directive in mind, it is useful to consider the long-term,
qualitative effects of past readiness shortfalls. As the
military focuses on strategic competition and trains


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