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42 Wayne L. Rev. 73 (1995-1996)
Players without Picket Signs: A Plan for Employee Ownerships in Professional Athletics

handle is hein.journals/waynlr42 and id is 85 raw text is: PLAYERS WITHOUT PICKET SIGNS: A PLAN FOR
EMPLOYEE OWNERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL
ATHLETICS
JAMES 0. CASTAGNERAt
MICHAEL R. OSTROWSKI*
Tables of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION .............................. 73
II. THE CURRENT QUANDARY OF LABOR RELATIONS IN
BIG TME ATHLETICS .......................... 74
A.  Background  ............................... 74
B. Professional Sports and the Antitrust Laws ........ 81
III. THE WAY OUT OF THE QUANDARY: EMPLOYEE
OWNERSHIP AND PARTICIPATION ................ 87
A. A Brief Survey of the Current Status ofEmployee
Ownership and Participation in the United States .. 87
B. Labor Law and ESOPS ...................... 96
C. Employee Participation ..................... 100
IV. OWNERSHIP INSTEAD OF EMPLOYMENT: A MODEST
PROPOSAL  .................................. 111
I. INTRODUCTION
As the boys of summer walked off the field for the last time in
1994, and the men of the ice were informed not to lace up their
tAssociate Professor of Law and Business, University of Orlando. B.A.,
1969, Franklin and Marshall College; M.A., 1974, Kent State University; Ph.D.,
1979, J.D., 1981, Case Western Reserve University.
VB.A, 1990, Stockton State College; J.D., 1995, Widener University School
of Law.
The authors wish to acknowledge the excellent assistance of Professor
Castagnera's research assistant, Michael G. Hanson, a second year law student at
Widener University School of Law, in the preparation of this Article.

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