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84 Tul. L. Rev. 613 (2009-2010)

handle is hein.journals/tulr84 and id is 619 raw text is: This Field Is Our Field: Foreign Players, Domestic Leagues, and the Unlawful Racial Manipulation of American Sport N. Jeremi Duru* I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 614 II. THE MLS POLICY AND ITS ORIGINS ............................................ 617 A. The NASL Rise and Fall .................................................. 618 B. American Soccer. Internaional Grounding .................... 621 II. THE EUROPEAN LESSON .............................................................. 624 A. PresagingBosman: A Movement Toward Inclusion ....... 624 B. TheBosm an Case .............................................................. 626 IV BOSMAWS STATESIDE RELEVANCE: ASSESSING THE MERITS OF A BOSMAA-STYLE CHALLENGE TO THE MLS P O LICY ......................................................................................... 628 A. Title VII, Espinoza, and the MLS Policy .......................... 628 B. JRlCA and the MLS Policy ................................................ 630 V THE CASE FORA RACE CLAIM ..................................................... 631 A. The MLS Policy as Disparate Treatment D iscrim inaton .................................................................... 632 1. The Economic Incentive To Discriminate ................ 633 2. Building the Race Discrimination Case: The Individual A ction ....................................................... 637 a. The Pretext Inquiry ....................................... 639 i. Ensuring Consistent Spectator Support .................................................. 64 1 ii. Strengthening the National Team ......... 643 iii. Controlling Salaries .............................. 644 b. The Similarly Situated Inquiry and the Subjective Decision Maker ..................... 646 * © 2010 N. Jeremi Duru. Associate Professor of Law, The James E. Beasley School of Law, Temple University. J.D., Harvard Law School; M.RP, Harvard University, John E Kennedy School of Government; B.A., Brown University. I am grateful to Roger Fairfax, Shani King, and ReNika Moore for reviewing drafts of this Article and offering their insightful comments. In addition, I am grateful to the Honorable Damon J. Keith for his continuing mentorship and friendship. I also wish to thank my research assistants Clinton Albert and Katie Barber for their valuable assistance. Finally, I wish to thank the Clifford Scott Green Research Fund in Law for supporting this project. 613

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