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27 T. Jefferson L. Rev. 27 (2004-2005)
Voices of Afghan Women: Women's Rights, Human Rights, and Culture

handle is hein.journals/tjeflr27 and id is 37 raw text is: VOICES OF AFGHAN WOMEN: WOMEN'S
RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CULTURE
Huma Ahmed-Ghosh*
One nation under god, is not only a prominent phrase in
the pledge of allegiance of the United States, but it seemingly
represents the dominant ideology of most monotheistic nation-
states. In Afghanistan too, religion has played center stage in
redefining the nation since 1992. Islamic regimes have drafted
laws and constitutions through their interpretation of the
religious texts, based on their political will. This article lays out
a general critique of the international community's attempts to
rearticulate and implement standards of human rights, and more
specifically women's rights. Furthermore, this critique posits two
distinct propositions: 1) that the Western perceptions of what
universal human rights should encompass fail to account for
cultural and religious differences prevalent in other countries,
and 2) that the more urgent focus should be geared towards
improving the economic status and empowerment of Afghan
women in order to allow them to assert their rights. What is
therefore required is dialogue between religious and secular
advocates of human rights.
The question of women's status in Afghanistan has been a
powerful contending force that has driven governments into
disarray and into fundamentalism, and driven international
politics into a quandary. Afghanistan's situation provides a good
case study to discuss the tensions between Western pressures for
some freedoms and rights for women, and Islamic fear of
resulting moral decay and betrayal of Islamic norms. Through
the deconstruction of the human rights discourse, I will examine
* Department of Women Studies, San Diego State University. This essay is
based on a lecture delivered during the Fourth Annual Women and the Law
Conference at Thomas Jefferson School of Law on February 20, 2004. An
expanded version of this paper has been submitted for publication to the
International Feminist Journal of Politics.

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