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15 Quinnipiac Health L. J. 89 (2011-2012)
Opioid Pseudoaddiction: A Casualty of the War on Drugs, Racism, Sexism, and Opiophobia

handle is hein.journals/qhlj15 and id is 91 raw text is: Opioid Pseudoaddiction: A Casualty of the War on Drugs, Racism, Sexism, and Opiophobia Annemarie Daly Linares' Introduction Pain is one of the most pervasively dreaded of all of the symptoms of illness,2 and yet, the under-treatment of pain occurs frequently.' In the United States, under-treated pain occurs in sixty to seventy percent of patients.4 Since the 1990's, organiza- tions like the American Pain Society have brought the issue of under-treatment of pain to national attention.5 In 2000, because of increased national attention on pain, the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) adopted minimal pain management standards for healthcare in- stitutions.6 The U.S. Congress even emphasized the need for ad- equate pain control by designating the years 2001 to 2010 the Decade of Pain Control and Research.7 Despite these efforts, the epidemic of under-treated pain, however, continues today. There is an imbalance between the current war on drugs and the war on pain.' The war on pain is undergirded by legiti- I Annemarie Daly Linares is ajuris Doctor Candidate (expected 2014) at Wayne State University Law School. Dr. Linares holds a Medical Doctor degree from the Uni- versity of Michigan Medical School. The author would like to thank Bethany Stawasz and Professor Lance Gable for their unwavering support, wise comments, and guidance. 2 R. Sean Morrison et al., We Don't Carry That - Failure of Pharmacies in Predomi- nantly Nonwhite Neighborhoods to Stock Opioid Analgesics, 342 NEw ENG. J. MED. 1023, 1023 (2000). 3 Knox K. Todd, Chronic Pain and Aberrant Drug-Related Behavior in the Emergency Department, 33J.L. MiED. & ETHICS 761, 761 (2005). 4 Dania Palanker, Note, Enslaved by Pain: How the U.S. Public Health System Adds to Disparities in Pain Treatment for African Americans, 15 GEO. J. ON POVERTY L. & POL'Y 847, 851 (2008). 5 Stephen Colameco et al., Continuous Opioid Treatment for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Time for Moderation in Prescribing, 121 POSTGRADUATE MED. 61, 61 (2009). 6 Id. 7 Id.; Kathryn A. Weiner, The Decade of Pain Control and Research Interview With Phi- lipp Lippe, MD, 13 THE PAIN PRACTITIONER, no. 1, 2003, at 1, 3 (paraphrasing an inter- view with Dr. Philipp Lippe, discussing the goals of improving efforts in 1) research, 2) training and education, 3) advocacy and policy, and 4) clinical pain practice). 8 The sanctity of the doctor-patient relationship is being destroyed by federal

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