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16 J. Prof. Legal Educ. 1 (1998)
Firming up the Framework: Untangling the Web of Confusion over Competency Development in Entry-Level Lawyers

handle is hein.journals/proleged16 and id is 5 raw text is: Journal of Professional Legal Education Vol. 16 No. I

FIRMING UP THE FRAMEWORK: UNTANGLING THE WEB OF
CONFUSION OVER COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT IN ENTRY-
LEVEL LAWYERS
Gay Crebert and Anne Smith'
Even the most cursory reading of the literature and professional
documentation related to the competency debate suggests that there
are numerous ways to conceptualise competencies, skills and
attributes. The persuasiveness of the competency debate, both in
the broad context and in the context of practical legal education,
has been diminished by confusion and imprecision in the use of
terminology. Frequently, three very different concepts which are
fundamental to the debate over the role of the university in the
development of the 'well-rounded' graduate so sought after by
today's employers are conflated. These concepts are: 'generic
competencies,' 'generic skills' and 'generic attributes.'
In an attempt to clarify some of the confusion surrounding these
terms, the authors step back from the current state of play in the
competency debate in the legal profession, and examine the
meanings of the three terms under consideration. Data from
interviews conducted with a small group of law graduates on the
issue of their own competency development are used to inform their
understanding of the terms and how they are implemented in
practice.
INTRODUCTION
National and international surveys conducted by employer groups, professional
associations, universities and other educational organisations are generally united
in their findings that today's graduates are inadequately prepared for the world of
work (Arnold 1985; Smith, Wolstencroft & Southern 1989; Business/Higher
Education Round Table (B/HERT) 1991; 1992; 1993; Wickens 1994; The
Association of Graduate Recruiters 1995). More often than not, such research
suggests that a 'well-rounded' graduate (i.e., a graduate able to demonstrate a
range of generic skills) is valued as much as, if not more than a 'technically
competent' graduate (i.e., one with an extensive knowledge base and specific
work-related skills) at the commencement of employment. Generally speaking,
these views are held by employers across the board and are strongly expressed in
the literature, of which there is now a considerable body. Much of this literature,

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