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85 N.C. L. Rev. 885 (2006-2007)
Using the Implied License to Inject Common Sense into Digital Copyright

handle is hein.journals/nclr85 and id is 897 raw text is: Using the Implied License To Inject Common Sense into Digital Copyright IN TR O D U CT IO N ....................................................................................... 885 I. OPT-IN AND OPT-OUT SYSTEMS ................................................. 887 A. Opt-in Systems Defined and Explained ............................... 887 B. Control of Copyrighted Works Is an Opt-in System .......... 887 C. Opt-out Systems Defined and Explained ............................ 888 D. The Internet Is an Opt-out System ....................................... 889 E . The C onflict ............................................................................ 891 II. DEVELOPMENT OF COPYRIGHT LAW ....................................... 893 A. Defining Copy in the Digital Environment ..................... 893 B. Removal of Statutory Formalities ........................................ 896 III. DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPLIED LICENSE DOCTRINE ........... 898 A. Traditional Implied License Cases ....................................... 898 B . L exm ark ................................................................................. 900 C. State Contract Law, Meeting of the Minds, and Federal P reem p tion ............................................................................. 901 IV . FIELD V. G O OGLE ........................................................................ 906 A. Facts and Background .......................................................... 906 B . The O utcom e .......................................................................... 909 1. Knowledge and Use ......................................................... 913 2. E ncouragem ent ................................................................ 914 C. A Broader Reading of Field ................................................. 915 V. WHY IMPLIED LICENSE INSTEAD OF FAIR USE? ..................... 916 A. What's Wrong with Fair Use? ............................................... 916 B. How Does Implied License Avoid the Problems Plaguing Fair Use? ................................................................ 921 C. Application to New Technologies ........................................ 923 VI. THE IMPLIED LICENSE DOCTRINE AS A GAP-FILLER ............ 925 A. Browsing by Individuals ....................................................... 925 B. Indexing by Google ............................................................... 927 C. Translating by Google ........................................................... 928 D . O ther P rojects ........................................................................ 929 C O N CLU SIO N ........................................................................................... 930 INTRODUCTION Existing copyright law is not well-suited to handle the transmission of copyrighted works over the Internet. Generally

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