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13 Hastings Women's L.J. 31 (2002)
The Face of Human Trafficking

handle is hein.journals/haswo13 and id is 47 raw text is: The Face of Human Trafficking Aiko Joshi* I. INTRODUCTION Human trafficking, has become a fast-growing global criminal activity, and it affects just about every country in the world! Each year, at least four million people are trafficked worldwide, with an annual profit of up to seven billion dollars for the trafficking network.2 Trafficking victims often believe they are accepting jobs in the labor, domestic service, restaurant, and factory sectors,3 and are taken across borders - sometimes through coercive methods - where they often end up in exploitative situations. However, not all those who leave their home countries are necessarily trafficking victims.5 Trafficking and migration are not the same, and the * Aiko Joshi, originally from Kyoto, Japan, is on the Board of Captive Daughters, Inc., a nonprofit organization dedicated to bringing awareness of sex and labor trafficking and exploitation of children and youth. Masters in Cultural Anthropology and Women's Studies. She is also a member of D.C. Asians for Peace and Justice, and the National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum. The views stated in the following article are entirely the author's own. 1. Amy O'Neill Richard, International Trafficking in Women to the United States: A Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime 1 (April 2000) (Intelligence Monograph on file with Center for the Study of Intelligence). 2. Becki Young, Trafficking of Humans Across United States Borders: How United States Laws Can be Used to Punish Traffickers and Protect Victims, 13 GEo. IMMIGR. L.J. 73 (1998). See also Annuska Derks, Combating Trafficking in South-East Asia: A Review of Policy and Programme Responses, IOM International Organization for Migration, Feb., 2000, at 9. It is difficult to get an accurate accounting of the numbers of people actually involved because of the complexity of the reality of trafficking which would inevitably lead to different interpretations, analyses, and definitions. This has led to a plethora of confusion and responses within such bodies as the United Nations, other international, government and non-governmental organizations. The numbers quoted also vary in amount, and they are usually based on the estimations of illegal or irregular migrants or on numbers of prostitutes. 3. Francis T. Miko, Trafficking in Women and Children: the U.S. and International Response, C.R.S. Report 98-649C, at 2 (2000); Janie Chuang, Redirecting the Debate Over Trafficking in Women: Definitions, Paradigms, and Contexts, 11 HARv. HUM. RTs. J. 65, 69 (1998). 4. Young, supra note 2, at 73. 5. Shelley Case Inglis, Expanding International and National Protections Against Trafficking for Forced Labor Using a Human Rights Framework, 7 BUFF. HUM. RTS. L. REV. 55, 82 (2001). HASTINGS WOMEN'S LAW JOURNAL

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