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32 Law & Pol'y Int'l Bus. 11 (2000-2001)
Targeted Sanctions: A Policy Alternative

handle is hein.journals/geojintl32 and id is 21 raw text is: TARGETED SANCTIONS: A POLICY ALTERNATIVE? GARY C. HUFBAUER & BARBARA OEGG* I. INTRODUCTION Secretary General Kofi Annan's 1997 report on the work of the United Nations stressed the importance of economic sanctions as the Security Council's tool to exert pressure without recourse to force.' At the same time, the report expressed concern about the harm that sanctions inflict on vulnerable civilian groups and the collateral dam- age that they cause to third states.2 The Secretary General encouraged the General Assembly and the Security Council to consider ways to render sanctions a less blunt and more effective instrument and reduce the humanitarian costs to civilian populations as far as pos- sible. Widely shared concerns about humanitarian and third country ef- fects of sanctions can undermine the political unity required for the effective implementation of multilateral sanctions. Iraq is an example of such dangers. With the erosion of support for the economic em- bargo, it is becoming clear that the effectiveness of a sanctions regime partly depends on the manner in which it addresses humanitarian issues. Although virtually all sanctions regimes launched during the 1990s allow trade in humanitarian goods, the blunt weapon of a comprehensive embargo inevitably hurts those at the bottom of the economic heap. Given the historic inability of sanctions to achieve their foreign policy goals, the conventional wisdom that civilian pain leads to political gain is being questioned. Many analysts ask whether the results of sanctions warrant their costs. In response to these concerns, practitio- * Gary C. Hufbauer is the Reginald Jones Senior Fellow at the Institute for International Economics (IIE). Previously, he was on leave at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York as the Maurice R. Greenberg Chair and Director of Studies (1997-98). Prior tojoining the IIE, he was the Marcus Wallenberg Professor of International Finance Diplomacy at Georgetown University (1985-92). Barbara Oegg is research assistant at the Institute for International Economics. A graduate of Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies in international relations and economics, she is currently working on economic sanctions at the IIE. 1. Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization, U.N. GAOR, 52d Sess., Supp. No. 1, 89, U.N. Doc. A/52/1 (1997). 2. Id. 3. Id.

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