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7 Buff. Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 55 (2001)
Expanding International and National Protections against Trafficking for Forced Labor Using a Human Rights Framework

handle is hein.journals/bufhr7 and id is 61 raw text is: EXPANDING INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL PROTECTIONS AGAINST TRAFFICKING FOR FORCED LABOR USING A HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK Shelley Case Inglis* INTRODUCTION The United States government estimates that each year between one to two million women and girls are trafficked around the world for the purposes of forced labor, domestic service, forced prostitution and involun- tary marriage.' Victims of trafficking- including men and boy children- are abducted, coerced or sold into labor situations from which they cannot es- cape or that they cannot control rendering them vulnerable to extreme ex- ploitation and abuse. They are held in brothels, sexually exploited, imprisoned behind barbed wire in garment factories, and confined in abu- sive homes as servants or mail order brides. International criminal syndi- cates, government authorities, employment agencies, parents and neighbors have been implicated in this highly profitable process of trading in human beings for their labor. Trade in persons is not unique to any area of the world. It has been documented from Ukraine to Germany, Burma to Thai- land, Mexico to the United States, Russia to Israel and China, Philippines to Kuwait, Nepal to India and within countries such as Brazil and Cambodia.2 The impact of trafficking on people in all countries makes it a human rights abuse with global dimensions.'3 In recent years, international advocates have drawn attention to the growing phenomenon of trafficking in women and initiated a movement to * Cornell B.A. (1993), Columbia Law School J.D. (1999), Skadden Fellow, Vic- tim Services, NY (October 2000). The author is currently working in Kosovo. This article is dedicated to my mother, Judy Inglis, my sister, Sarah Inglis, and to my neice, Megan Inglis Winegar. Although perhaps impossible, I wish for my neice a future in which all women and girls, as herself, are free from. . .Many thanks to Cathy Powell, Ann Jorden, Martina Vandenberg and Alice Miller for their expertise and guidance on this topic and for their commitment to the human rights of all women and girls. I See SENIOR COORDINATOR FOR INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S IssuEs, TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND GIRLS- AN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION, FACT SHEET (hereinafter TRAFFFICKING FACT SHEET) (March 10, 1998). 2 See Comments of Martina Vandenberg, Briefing on Trafficking in Front of the Congressional Human Rights Caucus (Sept. 15, 1998). 3 See id.

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