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2 Risk 3 (1991)
Predictive Probabilities In Employee Drug-Testing

handle is hein.journals/risk2 and id is 13 raw text is: Predictive Probabilities In Employee Drug-Testing John M. Gleason and Darold T. Barnum* Introduction When examining the risks of drug abuse, often the most compelling statistics relate to accidents, safety, and health. For example, according to the Federal Railroad Administration, errors attributed to substance- impaired employees caused 34 fatalities and 66 injuries in 48 separate incidents between 1975 and 1983.1 In addition to these direct effects, however, there are also indirect effects, such as the impacts of drug use on worker productivity, health insurance costs, legal liability, and even employee-management relations. Employees who are health-impaired due to substance abuse can be expected to exhibit lower productivity as a result of performance deficits, absenteeism, and higher turnover. One estimate of the financial impact of lost productivity due to substance abuse in the U.S. is $99 billion annually.2 * Professor Gleason teaches decision sciences in the College of Business Administration and is a Fellow at the Center for Health Policy and Ethics, Creighton University. His B.S. (mathematics) and M.B.A. were received from the University of Missouri at Kansas City and his D.B.A. from Indiana University. Professor Barnum is head of the department of management at the University of Illinois at Chicago. His B.B.A. is from the University of Texas at Austin and his M.B.A. and Ph.D. are from the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. 1 C. CORNISH, DRUGS AND ALCOHOLIN THE WORKPLACE: TESTING AND PRIvACY (1988). See also,50 Fed. Reg. 31,516 (1985). 2 M. ROTHSTEIN, MEDICAL SCREENING AND THE EMPLOYEE HEALTH COST CRISIS (1989); RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTUTE, ECONOMIC COSTS TO SOCIETY OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE (1983); BNA SPECIAL REPORT, ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN THE WORKPLACE: COSTS, CONTROLS, AND CONTROvERSIES 7 (1986) [hereinafter BNA 2 RISK - Issues in Health & Safety 3 [Winter 19911

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