About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline
LOG IN
LOG IN

115 Harv. L. Rev. 1559 (2001-2002)
Sovereign Immunity as a Doctrine of Personal Jurisdiction

handle is hein.journals/hlr115 and id is 1581 raw text is: VOLUME 115 APRIL 2002 NUMBER 6 HARVARD LAW REVIEW ARTICLE SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY AS A DOCTRINE OF PERSONAL JURISDICTION Caleb Nelson TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................1561 I. THE FOUNDERS' FRAMEWORK FOR SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY.............................................1567 A. Personal Jurisdiction and the Importance of Commanding Defendants To A ppear................................................................................................. ........................1568 1. The English Background .............................................................................................1568 2. The Bottom Line in America .......................................................................................1573 B. States and Compulsory Process Before the Constitution.-.--.......... ..........-----..1574 C. Did the Constitution Make States Amenable to Individuals' Suits?............................1580 1. The States as Sovereigns After the Constitution........................................................1580 2. The Language of Article III.....................................................................................1585 D. Compulsory Process and the Original Debate.................................................................1592 r. Evidence from the Ratification Debates....................................................................1592 2. Evidence from Post-Ratification Attempts To Sue States ...................................1595 3. Evidence from the States' Reactions to Chisholm.................................................1599 4. Does the Eleventh Amendment Provide Counterevidence?.....................................1602 E. Conclusion..........................................................................................................................16o8 II. THE LEGAL EFFECT OF THE ELEVENTH AMENDMENT...................................................16o8 A. The Hybrid Nature of Current Doctrine......................................................................16o9 B. Separating the 1o Strands of Current Doctrine .......................................................1611 r. Did the Eleventh Amendment Simply Codify the Traditional Framework? .........1613 2. The Argument for a Two-Track System of Jurisdictional Immunities...................1615 3. Some Other Possibilities ..............................................................................................1617 (a) Did the Eleventh Amendment Supersede the Traditional Framework?..........1617 (b) Did the Restoration of the Traditional Framework Supersede the Eleventh Amendment?....................................................................................1620 (c) Has the Content of the Traditional Framework Changed? ..............................1621 III. CAN CONGRESS ABROGATE THE STATES' IMMUNITIES?.................................................1622 A. The Subject Matter Jurisdiction Type of Immunity Cannot Be Abrogated ..............1623 1559

What Is HeinOnline?

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing thousands of academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.



Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline.

Purchase Access

Contact us for annual subscription options:

Contact Us

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

Log In

profiles profiles most