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4 McGill Int'l J. Sust. Dev. L. & Pol'y 19 (2008)
Bio-Fuels in Canada: Normative Framework, Existing Regulations, and Politics of Intervention

handle is hein.journals/mcgijosd4 and id is 29 raw text is: Bio-fuels in Canada: Normative Framework, Existing Regulations, and Politics of Intervention Ngo Anh-Thu,* Paule Halley- and Peter Calkins* In 1994, Canada became a signatory ofte Kyoto Protocol. 7his international agreement commits each country to reducing its emissions of green- house gases in order to control global warming. At the national level, Canada is developing a policy of sustainable development based primar- iiy on promoting the production and consump- tion of bio-fuels as a means to reducing green- house gases and meeting Canada's Kyoto targels. Canada has begun arming itself with laws at the national level and in some provinces. 7he purpose of this paper is to identify an appropriate legal framework that could promole the produc- lion and consumption of bio-fitels in Canada. It seeks out an efficient GLIG reduction strategy from among three approaches: mandatory (laws and regulations); economic incentives (taxes and subsidies); and voluntary (on the parts of both fuel refiners and consumers). 7he results of the study suggest that the legislative decision-making process is strongly influenced both by concern for the effective use of natural resources and by the priorities of economic development at the local and provincial levels. Government regulations at the provincial level tend therefore to reflect the socioeconomic characteristics of each province. En 199, le Canada est devenu signataire du protocole de Kyoto. Cette enlente internationale engage chaque pays a ridiuire les 6missions degaz al eflbt de serre afin de contr6ler le rdchauffbment de la planbte. Au niveau national, le Canada gabore une politique de developpement durable qui sefonde notamment sur la promotion de la production et de la consommation des biocarbu- rants, comme mesure de reduction des GES. C est dans ce contexte que leftddral et les provinces se dotent de nouveaux instruments et participent a la mise en oeuvre de moyens de production et de consommation durables la reduction des gaz a efJ/t de serre. Gete recherchefiit etat des ddveloppements touchant les biocarburants aux niveaux national et provincial pour ensuile dis- cuter du choix des modes dinterventions s'ofiant aux autoritds publiques parmi Ies mesures reglementaires (lois et riglements), les instru- merits cononiques (taxes et sUbventions), et les approches volontaires de la part des producteurs, des transformateurs et des consommaleurs. Les resultats de I etude suggrent que le processus de prise de decisions des gouvernements quant a la mani~re d intervenir estfortement influenc lant par un souci pour lexploitation efficace des ressources naturelles que par les priorits d ddveloppement economique aux niveaux local et provincial. La riglementation provinciale a tendance donc a refller les caracleristiques socioeconomiques de chaque province. Centre de Recherche en Economie Agroalimentaire, Departement d'Economie Agroalimentaire et des Sciences de la Consommation, Universitt Laval. Professeur, titulaire de la Chaire de recherche du Canada en droit de 1 environnement, Facult6 de Droit, Universit6 Laval. Professor, Institute for Sufficiency Economy Research and Promotion, Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; and Chercheur associ6, Centre de recherche en 6conomie agro-alimentaire (CRLNa, Universitt Laval.

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