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15 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 583 (1999-2000)
Fostering Protection of the Marine Environment and Economic Development: Article 121(3) of the Third Law of the Sea Convention

handle is hein.journals/amuilr15 and id is 597 raw text is: FOSTERING PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: ARTICLE 121(3) OF THE THIRD LAW OF THE SEA CONVENTION JONATHAN L. HAFETZ* INTRODUCTION ....... ................................ 584 I. ARTICLE 121(3) AND THE TREATMENT OF ISLANDS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW ............... 587 A. ISLANDS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW BEFORE THE THIRD UN CLOS .......................................... 587 B. ARTICLE 121 AND THE STATUS OF ISLANDS AFTER U N CLO S 1 .............................................. 589 1. Origins of Article 121(3) ................................ 589 2. Interpreting Article 121(3) ............................... 591 II. UNCLOS II AND THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ................................. 595 A. THE ENVIRONMENTAL PURPOSE OF THE THIRD UNCLOS ... 596 1. Requiring States to Protect the Marine Environment ..... 596 2. Balancing Marine Environmental Protection and Economic Development ................................. 600 B. SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW .................................... 604 1. The Growth of International Environmental Law of the Sea .................................................. 604 2. The Role of Sustainable Development in International L aw ..................................................... 608 3. Article 121(3) and the Tragedy of the Commons ....... 611 * Law Clerk to the Honorable Jed S. Rakoff, Southern District of New York. J.D., 1999, Yale Law School; M. Phil., 1992, Oxford University; B.A., 1990, Amherst College. I would like to thank Lea Brilmayer, Gregory Fox, and Natalie Klein for all of their insights, suggestions, and encouragement. 583

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