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86 Va. L. Rev. 163 (2000)
The Market for Human Tissue

handle is hein.journals/valr86 and id is 181 raw text is: VIRGINIA LAW REVIEW VOLUME 86 MARCH 2000 NUMBER 2 ARTICLES THE MARKET FOR HUMAN TISSUE Julia D. Mahoney* INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................164 I. THE UBIQUITY OF COMMERCE IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS ................................................167 A. The Commercialization of Human Tissue and the Boundaries of the Market Domain............................................167 B. The Extent of Commodification: Four Examples .................173 C. Conclusion: Of Markets and Altruism ...................................192 II. WHAT WOULD TRUE NONCOMMODIFICATION REQUIRE?...... 196 III. REGULATING MARKETS IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS ...................................................................................... 200 A. The Usefulness of Concepts of Property and Markets..........201 B. The Alleged Perils of Market Discourse.................................206 C. Assessing Regimes in Human Biological Materials ..............210 D. Compensation of Tissue Sources............................................211 IV. THE LIMITS OF ALTRUISM..........................................................215 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 221 * Associate Professor, University of Virginia School of Law. I am grateful to Bar- bara Armacost, Mary Anne Case, Richard Epstein, Clay Gillette, Douglas Lichtman, James Lindgren, Clarisa Long, Paul Mahoney, Richard Merrill, Martha Nussbaum, Elizabeth Scott, John Setear, William Stuntz, Walter Wadlington, G. Edward White, and participants in workshops at the University of Virginia School of Law and the University of Chicago Law School for valuable comments on earlier versions of this Article. John Bessonnette, David Cummings, and Ilonka Raitsimring provided excel- lent research assistance. 163

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