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24 U. Pa. J. Int'l Econ. L. 329 (2003)
University-Industry Cooperation and Technology Transfer in Japan Compared with the United States: Another Reason for Japan's Economic Malaise

handle is hein.journals/upjiel24 and id is 339 raw text is: UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COOPERATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN JAPAN COMPARED WITH THE UNITED STATES: ANOTHER REASON FOR JAPAN'S ECONOMIC MALAISE? t ROBERT KNELLER* 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Purpose Senior Japanese government officials have declared that improving university-industry cooperation is essential for Japan's economic revival.' Several researchers have pointed to problems associated with intellectual property (IP) as factors hindering effective collaboration.2 In addition, Japanese government and * Robert Kneller .D. Harvard Law School 1980, M.D. Mayo Medical School 1984, M.P.H. Johns Hopkins 1986) worked in cancer research and technology transfer for nine years at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) before becoming a Professor in the Department of Intellectual Property of the University of Tokyo's Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) in 1998. His research compares university-industry cooperation in Japan, the United States, and other countries-particularly with respect to biomedical technologies, the ownership and transfer of intellectual property rights, and the role of startup companies. The Author would like to thank the many persons in Japanese universities, government laboratories, government offices, and private companies who contributed information incorporated in this Article. He is grateful to Professors Akira Goto, Sadao Nagaoka, Sachiko Shudo, and John Walsh for helpful comments on drafts of this Article. He is indebted to the Abe Fellowship Program of the Japan Center for Global Partnership for enabling him to begin technology transfer research in Japan in 1997, and for continuing support for this research from the University of Tokyo and the Japanese Ministry of Education. t Numerous sources noted herein have been compiled and translated by the Author. I See Koji Omi, Structural Reform of the Japanese Economy: A Science and Technology Driven Initiative, Speech at the Royal Institute of International Affairs (May 1, 2002) (mo activate R&D in Japan, reform of the nation's university sys- tem is essential.), available at http://www.omi.or.jp. 2 See Mariko Yoshihara & Katsuya Tamai, Lack of Incentive and Persisting Con- straints: Factors Hindering Technology Transfer at Japanese Universities, in INDUSTRIAL- IZING KNOWLEDGE: UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY LINKAGES IN JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES

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