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9 Brown J. World Aff. 57 (2002-2003)
Laskar Jihad and the Conflict in Ambon

handle is hein.journals/brownjwa9 and id is 71 raw text is: Laskar Jihad and the Conflict in Ambon KIRSTEN E. SCHULZE Senior Lecturer International History London School of Economics renzied slaughter, savage mutilations, forced conversions, and the wanton destruction of property characterized the conflict in Ambon following its eruption on 19 January 1999. Driven by the festering wounds of past colonial injustices against Muslims and present Christian fears, as well as by rumors of a Christian conspiracy to wipe out Islam, on the one hand, and of Islamization policies on the other, it claimed an estimated 9,000 lives and produced more than 400,000 refugees. Yet it was not until the emergence of Laskar Jihad and the group's determination to wagejihad in Ambon that Jakarta politicians started to take note, albeit without doing much to address the situation. The call forjihad also attracted international attention, again without significant action. In fact, only after the events of 11 September did Laskar Jihad's interpretation of Islam, paramilitary presence, and above all its international links to the Taliban in Afghanistan and Abu Sayyaf in the Philippines come under closer scrutiny. This brought pressure on the Indonesian government to find a solution to the Ambon conflict, which resulted in the February 2002 Malno II Declaration. Evidence of al-Qaeda network links to the Taliban and Abu Sayyaf has raised questions regarding possible ties Laskar Jihad may have to al-Qaeda. While such global connections need to be taken very seriously-not least because they have boosted Laskar Jihad's military capacity and have provided it with an ideological framework-Laskar Jihad is essentially a homegrown rather than Spring 2002 - Volume IX, Issue 1

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